Traced to the European Reference Material (code: ERM®-DA470k/IFCC), of the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), using the M.M. Lievens' formula (J.Clin.Chem.Clin.Biochem 1989;27:519-23).

Applications available for the most common analyzers of Clinical Chemistry. For example Advia®, Alinity C, AU®, Atellica™, cobas® C, Optilite® or Mindray among others.

Clinical Significance of Light Chains Kappa and Lambda

In multiple pathological conditions, such as Multiple Myeloma, Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia, AL Amyloidosis, Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) and, in general, in all monoclonal gammopathies, the observation of a disturbance in the κ/λ ratio, or an increase in the amount of LC, can be used to detect or confirm most immunoglobulin abnormalities. Moreover, given the situation of overproduction, an increase in the concentration of free LC present in serum occurs, and when the reabsorption capacity of the tubules is exceeded, monoclonal FLC are also found in the urine (the so-called Bence-Jones proteinuria), being this situation another indicator of monoclonal gammopathies. However, when renal damage is present, intact immunoglobulins can also appear in the urine, and given that the assays measure both bound and free LC, the use of assays specific for Free Light Chains may be advisable.

In both serum and urine, the confirmation of the monoclonality should always be done with other assays, not only immunochemical, such as electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis or immunofixation.

Free Light Chains, FLC, Kappa and Lambda, Bence Jones, Multiple Myeloma, MGUS, Waldenström, Amyloidosis, LCDD, Monoclonal gammopathies, ERM DA470k/IFCC, KLoneus, Optilite® The Binding Site, Turbidimetric Immunoassays, TIA.